Navigating PFAS and the Shift to NFPA 1970: Key Changes for Firefighter PPE
By Robin CHARNAUD

The landscape of firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE) is undergoing a significant transformation with the upcoming release of NFPA 1970, a consolidated standard set to replace NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981, and 1982. Among the most critical changes are new regulations addressing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and a broader push for safer, more effective firefighter gear.

NFPA 1970: A Consolidated Standard with a Big Impact

NFPA 1970 aims to streamline fire service standards, merging four key documents into a single, more manageable framework. This consolidation—expected no earlier than August—will impact purchasing decisions as manufacturers transition to certifying products under the new standard.

PFAS and Restricted Substances: A Core Focus

A major driver behind the NFPA 1970 revisions is the growing concern over PFAS exposure. The new standard introduces stricter requirements to limit these harmful substances in firefighter clothing.

Key Changes Include:

🔹 “PFAS-Free” Claims & Restricted Substance Limits:

  • Manufacturers must use approved test methods to measure total fluorine, forming the basis for “PFAS-free” claims.
  • Specific restricted substances, including various PFAS, will be identified, and manufacturers must test materials to comply with strict limits.
  • Independent, certified testing will be mandatory.
  • The basis for these limits is modeled after the international OEKO-TEX 100 standard and the PPE Supplement criteria, which apply the most rigorous global hazardous substance regulations.

🔹 Chemical Runoff Testing:

  • A proposed European-based test will assess how garment outer shells repel, absorb, or allow penetration of liquids such as diesel fuel.
  • PFAS-based finishes will be tested for their reaction to washing to record changes over time.

Enhanced Protection and Performance Beyond PFAS

In addition to PFAS regulations, NFPA 1970 introduces several major improvements aimed at enhancing firefighter safety and PPE longevity.

Notable Updates:

✅Mandated Particulate-Blocking Hoods:

  • Structural firefighting hoods must now meet stricter particulate-blocking criteria, with enhanced seam testing and preconditioning requirements.

✅Improved Durability & Service Life:

  • New criteria ensure turnout gear retains performance properties over its expected service life.
    Enhanced preconditioning protocols will include repeated washing, heat exposure, UV, and flex testing.

✅Advanced Contaminant Removal & Cleaning Standards:

  • A “cleaning index” will measure how effectively contaminants are removed from PPE materials, promoting better decontamination practices.
  • New tests will measure the presence of semi-volatile organic chemicals and heavy metals in garments and hoods.

✅Better Breathability to Reduce Heat Stress:

  • An evaporative resistance test (Ret) will be introduced to evaluate garment breathability, complementing Total Heat Loss (THL) measurements.

✅Full Ensemble Performance Testing:

  • A new annex will outline optional performance criteria for complete firefighter ensembles, including:
    – Thermal protection
    – Heat stress impact
    – Gear interoperability

✅SCBA Updates:

  • NFPA 1970 will revise intrinsic safety criteria for Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) to address the growing integration of electronic components.

Why Fire Departments Need to Stay Informed

Once NFPA 1970 is officially released, fire departments must adapt quickly. The new standard will impact PPE purchasing decisions, maintenance protocols, and overall firefighter safety.

With its strong focus on PFAS reduction, enhanced protection, and improved performance, NFPA 1970 represents a critical step forward in safeguarding firefighters from both immediate hazards and long-term health risks.

Get in Touch with CHARNAUD® Today

CHARNAUD® is a supplier of quality PPE for a variety of professions. We can help workers of all occupations to protect themselves against the hazards of their daily tasks. Contact us for advice and quotations on PPE for your business.